Polyurethane ni iki?Ni izihe nyungu n'ibibi by'ibikoresho bya polyurethane?

Kuva umusaruro w’inganda watangira mu myaka ya za 1950, ibikoresho bya polyurethane (ni ukuvuga polimeri nyinshi za molekile zirimo amatsinda ya karbamate mu ruhererekane runini rwa macromolecules - NHCOO) byateye imbere byihuse.Ugereranije nibikoresho bya polymer reberi, ifite umwihariko wihariye.Irashobora gukoresha imibare itandukanye yitsinda ryimikorere nubwoko butandukanye bwamatsinda yimikorere ukurikije ibisabwa bitandukanye, kandi igakoresha uburyo butandukanye bwo kubyara ibicuruzwa bya polyurethane nibikorwa bitandukanye nibiranga.

Hariho kandi ibikoresho bitari mubyiciro bya reberi, nka plastiki ifunze ifuro, ibicuruzwa bya pulasitiki bikaze, impuzu, fibre synthique idashobora kwihanganira cyane, uruhu rwubukorikori, ibifunga, nibindi.

Ibikoresho bya polyurethane muri iki gihe bikoreshwa cyane mu bice bitandukanye, urugero, mu nganda zo mu kirere, ibicuruzwa byayo bikomeye, ibicuruzwa byoroheje n’ibicuruzwa byinshi byoroheje kuruta ibikoresho by’ibyuma (ni ingenzi cyane ku ndege), bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gipfukisho cya moteri y’indege, feri yihuta, antene Igipfukisho, ibitoro byuzuza indege, kugenzura ibicanwa bikoresha carburetor buoys, nibindi, hamwe nibice bitandukanye byingoboka hamwe nintebe zo kwicara kugirango zishushanye imbere, hamwe nubwishingizi mubikorwa byo gutwara abantu.Kwicara ku ntebe, ibikoresho byo mu rugo, ndetse n'amapine ntaho bitandukaniye n'ibicuruzwa bya polyurethane, kandi iterambere rigezweho no gukoresha ibicuruzwa mu bikoresho bikurura amamodoka byateje byinshi.

Nubwo hari ubwoko bwinshi bwibicuruzwa bya polyurethane, ibyiciro byibicuruzwa ntakindi kirenze: ibicuruzwa byoroshye byoroshye, ibicuruzwa bikomeye na elastomers.

Niba ibikoresho byo kubumba ibicuruzwa bivanze na polyurethane reberi, mubisanzwe birakomeye kandi birashobora guterwa na sulfure, peroxide na polyisocyanate, kandi birashobora gushushanywa hakurikijwe uburyo bwo gukora hamwe na formulaire y'ibicuruzwa bisanzwe bya reberi.Kubijyanye na elastomers ya thermoplastique, irashobora gutunganywa no guterwa inshinge cyangwa kwikuramo.Kubijyanye na plastike polyurethane, irashobora kubyazwa umusaruro.

Dufashe urugero rworoshye rwa polyurethane ifuro nkurugero, uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro mubisanzwe ibice bibiri bigize amazi.Nukuvuga ko itsinda rimwe aribwo bwa mbere buvanze bwa polyol polymer na isocyanate, hanyuma reaction zavuzwe haruguru zivanze nandi matsinda arimo amazi, ibibyimba byinshi, stabilisateur, catalizator hamwe nubufasha butandukanye bwo gukora aminoformaldehyde Ester.Muri icyo gihe, reaction nka groupe ya urea ikoresha iyi reaction kugirango itange karuboni ya dioxyde, irekura ubushyuhe bwinshi, hanyuma ikoreshe catalizator kugirango uhindure umuvuduko wa furo, hanyuma urangize ibicuruzwa byinshi.

Kugeza ubu, inganda zikora ibinyabiziga zigenda zitera imbere mu bijyanye n’umutekano, ihumure n’igihe kirekire, kandi haribisabwa byinshi kugirango birambe mu gihe cy’imikorere ikabije y’ibikorwa byo gukurura no kugabanya ibice bya elastomer.Ubwoko bushya bwa shitingi ikozwe mu ifuro yoroshye ya polyurethane yagaragaye ku masoko yo hanze, kandi imiterere yumubiri nubukanishi hamwe ningaruka zo kumeneka ni byiza cyane ugereranije nibikoresho bya reberi.